92 CIENCIAPOLICIAL Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca / CC BY-NC-SA Ciencia Policial, 183, 91-132 Abstract The use of predictive Artificial Intelligence (AI) has profoundly transformed the work of the State Security Forces and Corps, as well as that of judicial bodies. In the case of the Police, there has been a significant change in the organization of crime prevention and investigation strategies, replacing their natural and traditional investigative instincts with mathematical calculations made by AI. This is what is known as predictive surveillance and investigation. Judges, for their part, now also rely on algorithms in decision-making. This is referred to as predictive criminal justice. The aim of this study is to examine the benefits that predictive AI tools bring to prevention, investigation, and criminal proceedings. However, it will also identify their limitations and explore the opportunities these systems present. The purpose of this study is to ensure, in all cases, the protection of citizens’ fundamental rights. Keywords Predictive Artificial Intelligence; Predictive policing; Predictive surveillance; Predictive police investigation; Predictive criminal justice. 1 Introducción La IA está revolucionando el mundo y, concretamente, la IA predictiva ha emergido con mucha fuerza en el ámbito de la justicia penal, modificando la manera en que se abordan la prevención del delito, la investigación criminal y el proceso judicial. Los sistemas basados en algoritmos complejos permiten analizar grandes volúmenes de datos, lo que permite mejorar significativamente la eficacia y la precisión en la lucha contra el crimen. En el campo de la prevención e investigación del delito, la IA predictiva está cambiando la forma de actuar de las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad del Estado, redefiniendo sus estrategias. Los sistemas de policía predictiva permiten crear patrones a partir de miles de datos y, por ende, anticipar dónde y cuándo
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