Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca / CC BY-NC-SA Ciencia Policial, 182, 145-172 146 CIENCIAPOLICIAL Palabras clave Amerithrax; Bioforense; Bioterrorismo; Biocrimen; Bioincidente; Microbiología; Genómica; Proteómica; Bioinformática. Abstract In recent years, molecular biology techniques have experienced enormous progress in all their fields. As a result, the capabilities of qualitative, quantitative and processing time analysis have been greatly improved, especially with the application of data processing software. These advances can greatly help in the work of Forensic Science and in particular in Bioforensics. Knowledge of these disciplines and techniques and what they can contribute to the investigations into bioterrorism or biocriminal crimes, establishes a great tool for police officers dedicated to investigation, especially for those that make expert reports. This knowledge becomes more important in the case of terrorist crimes where police response time can be the key to saving lives. In this work, the latest existing techniques are presented, demonstrating with the data published in scientific research the great possibilities they offer. Keywords Amerithrax; Bioforensic; Bioterrorism; Biocrime; Bioincident; Microbiology; Genomics; Proteomics; Bioinformatics. 1 Introducción Se entienden como agente biológico (AB) los microorganismos y endoparásitos humanos, susceptibles de originar cualquier tipo de infección, alergia o toxicidad (Real Decreto 664/1997), así como las toxinas producidas por éstos o por otros seres vivos. Un incidente biológico o bioincidente se puede definir como un suceso y sus posteriores consecuencias adversas, que tienen su origen en un AB. En función de la intencionalidad del “bioincidente”, nos podemos referir a estos sucesos como:
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